CT scan - what kind of examination is it and what is it for

2024 Author: James Gerald | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 14:00

Computed tomography, or CT, involves the study of the internal structure of an organ in layers and belongs to the category of non-invasive methods. We will analyze all the features of CT, what kind of examination it is and why it is needed.

What is the method

The founder of this examination method is N. Pirogov, a Russian naturalist, medical worker and anatomist. The newest method, according to which it is possible to obtain a layer-by-layer image of a physical object, gives much more accurate data. Today, in addition, computer processing of this information is used, due to which it is possible to obtain from 600 layers and more, as well as to create a three-dimensional reconstruction.

The procedure takes about 15 minutes. Directly tomography is carried out for 30-60 seconds.

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Why do you need to do a computed tomography

Let us explain in more detail what kind of examination it is, why you need a CT scan. There are many indications for such research. There are emergency ones when a person is injured. CT scan is also prescribed for patients with circulatory disorders of the brain, due to which it is possible to obtain highly informative data about the state of the body.

There is also a separate group of patients who have already been diagnosed through the use of additional methods such as X-ray, ultrasound and MRI. Finally, there is a third category of people who need to confirm the pathology expected after a preliminary survey and classical diagnostic methods.

For example, after taking blood tests, the therapist suspects acute pancreatitis. This is evidenced by an increase in the level of amylase in the blood. But for complete confidence, there is not enough computed tomography, because it is this method that allows you to look in detail at various parts of the pancreas, to assess the degree of swelling and inflammation.

Computed tomography is performed for the purpose of preventive research. Unfortunately, due to the fact that this method is not sufficiently available in our country, CT screening studies are rarely performed. The attending physician can prescribe this method if the patient tells him the symptoms characteristic of the corresponding disease.

CT and coronavirus

CT examination is often prescribed for coronavirus. What this gives and why the test is recommended by the Ministry of Health is understandable.

It is very useful in identifying a complication in a patient with COVID-19 - pneumonia. Computed tomography belongs to the gold standard for diagnosing lung conditions.

Why is it recommended for such a diagnosis and suspicion of atypical viral pneumonia:

• a regular X-ray will not show absolutely all foci of inflammation;
• to carry out PCR diagnostics, it takes at least several days, sometimes this test takes more time if the laboratories are busy;
• when compared with MRI, computed tomography shows the pulmonary pattern better and requires much less time.

CT can detect the presence of pneumonia due to coronavirus in the early stages, and sometimes in the absence of characteristic symptoms. There is no more accurate method for detecting SARS today.

An interesting feature of pneumonia in coronavirus is the localization of foci. They do not have any connection with large bronchi and are located mainly in the smallest branches and alveoli. This is why the standard listening and tapping used during physical examinations is often ineffective.

That being said, one should not overlook the fact that the symptoms of the coronavirus are increasing rapidly. And the sooner the CT scan is done, the better. If this examination immediately shows typical signs, then specialists have practically no doubts. The patient is prescribed antiviral treatment even when PCR has not confirmed the diagnosis.

What is the Difference Between CT and MRI

The phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance is a major difference between MRI and CT technologies. CT is based on X-ray radiation. In fact, this is the same thing that is used in standard fluorography of the lungs, but here the patient is, as it were, “photographed”. For this, different angles are used. Preparation of images is carried out in automatic mode.

Magnetic resonance imaging is prescribed mainly when it is necessary to check the integrity of structures that differ in density. These include bone tissue, joints, brain, liver, heart.

As for computed tomography, then, unlike fluorography, the device is not so sensitive to the operator's actions. This is an effective method for detecting SARS at any stage. He is also prescribed for the examination of oncological diseases, fractures.

Both MRI and CT are contraindicated in pregnancy. Computed tomography is not recommended for more than 1 time per year.

What is the difference between the CT method and MRI: the second one shows itself much worse when it is necessary to examine the lungs, other organs filled with gases. This is facilitated by tomography technology, according to which electromagnetic waves interact better with fluid-filled anatomical structures.

MRI can also be performed if pneumonia is suspected, but the amount of information obtained will be insufficient for an accurate diagnosis. CT is much better at detecting focal lesions of the lower respiratory tract and the so-called ground glass syndrome.

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What does COVID-19 look like on a tomogram

A number of characteristic signs can be distinguished that are found on a tomogram after a CT scan in the case of the presence of a coronavirus:

• round in shape foci, which sometimes affect large areas and are interconnected;
• the areas between the pulmonary lobules become thicker and even somewhat resemble paving stones that are used on the road surface;
• with coronavirus, bilateral damage is often observed;
• if you focus on the area where the main bronchus is located, then the foci are usually located far from it.

The lesions can often be seen where the pleural membrane is located. Their presence is also characteristic in the lower sections, where the blood vessels pass.

With atypical viral pneumonia, provoked by COVID-19, air permeability in the lungs remains and does not suffer in any way. Almost the same pulmonary pattern both in healthy lung tissues and in areas affected by the virus is also a characteristic sign of coronavirus infection.

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Where are examinations done, paid or free

CT can be performed both in private diagnostic centers and in ordinary public clinics and hospitals. The patient is prescribed a referral. It is a guarantee that he will pass this research free of charge in case of providing a health insurance policy.

Foreign citizens can also be eligible for such an examination if they are taken to the hospital by an ambulance. If you have to take it on a paid basis, the price for an examination on average in Russia is about 5,000 rubles, depending on the organ being examined.

Outcomes

1. Computed tomography is a fast and modern method for recognizing SARS, which is characteristic of the coronavirus. In this regard, it is more informative than magnetic resonance imaging.
2. Computed tomography is more suitable for examining gas-filled organs such as the lungs or intestines.
3. CT scan can be done free of charge if there is a referral from a doctor at the clinic. On a paid basis, the average price for such a test is about 5,000 rubles.