What are the side effects of flu shots in 2019-2020?

2024 Author: James Gerald | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-12 17:37

In anticipation of the flu season for all Russians, WHO has already warned what types of virus to expect, what to prepare for. The fall of this year carries influenza A and B. They, according to the WHO, are amenable to protection by a three-component vaccine of several types.

There are doubts about whether to get or be afraid of flu shots

Many people doubt whether it is worth getting vaccinated against the flu, because each vaccination is a kind of stress for the body. Practice shows that this particular vaccination is needed and important in the off-season. Even if a person catches a cold, the disease will cost the usual acute respiratory infections, ARVI, which are well treated today, practically do not give complications.

The 2019 flu vaccine has no side effects, as evidenced by its long-term practice of use. And the improved composition, on which scientists are constantly working, allows you to reliably protect yourself from new mutated flu strains.

Who needs vaccination in the first place:

• persons with a tendency to colds, accompanied by severe side effects;
• adults over 50;
• people with chronic pathology of the lungs, heart, blood vessels, including asthma;
• people with a deficiency of kidney and liver function;
• people with neurological disorders;
• people with blood diseases; with a weakened immune system;
• pregnant women;
• persons living in nursing homes, attending educational institutions;
• obese persons.

The risk group is supplemented by people living and in contact with people from an immediate high-risk group - employees of educational and medical institutions, their family members.

A timely flu shot will allow you not to get infected in 2019, or the disease will pass in a mild form, without side effects.

Updated strains of influenza vaccines

This fall, all polyclinics of the country, by order of the Ministry of Health, received special influenza vaccines recommended by the Ministry's specialists. At this time, they are considered the most effective against the impending viral wave. The fall 2019-2020 flu shots will be administered with WHO-approved vaccines.

These are such trivalent vaccines:

• Ultrix is a mixture of protective antigens of surface and internal activity with a high degree of purification against influenza type A, B. The body produces antibodies in 1-2 weeks, stores in the immune memory for a year. Surface and internal antigens provide high efficiency. The vaccine has no side effects.
• A-Kansas-14-2017, from the H3N2 strain.
• Grippol plus is a trivalent inactivated vaccine of Russian production, it is distinguished by a polymer-subunit composition that does not contain preservatives. The vaccine is packaged in individual disposable syringes. Suitable for people from the high-risk group who do not want side effects: the elderly, with a history of severe somatic pathologies, allergic reactions. Composition - high purity antigens recommended by WHO for the current season.

In each dose - 5 μg of antigens - hemagglutinins, influenza type A, B; 500 mcg - polyoxidonium adjuvant. This is an additional component that, together with antigens, provides a pronounced immune response.

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Four-component drugs:

1. B-Phuket-3073-2013, from B-Yamagata strains.
2. Ultrix quadri, a split-type inactivated vaccine, belongs to the latest generation, contains 4 virus strains: A-H1N1, A-H3N2 plus 2 influenza strains from the group B already known to doctors. The new vaccine contains 15 μg of antigen - hemaglutinin of each strain; a total of 60 μg of antigens is obtained. The vaccine is recognized by WHO as safe, in practice it significantly reduces the likelihood of infection, forms a stable immunity. It is administered to people if there are no contraindications for vaccination. The manufacturer is the Russian Ryazan association FORT, where all GMP standards are observed in the full technological cycle.
3. Vaccines of tetravalent protection are more effective, eliminate the likelihood of infection with influenza B, this is important in the upcoming season, when experts predict the spread of the Victorian and Yamagata flu.

These drugs are new, specially designed against the viruses of the new season. The vaccine develops a stable immunity against influenza A, B, which will act in the body for a whole year. Immunity develops antibodies in 1-2 weeks.

Possible side effects after vaccine administration

Each of the vaccines, judging by its individual perception, the state of immunity can cause a side reaction in a person. The likelihood of getting the flu is much more serious than any possible side effect.

All side effects physicians conditionally divided into groups:

• local;
• systemic.

It is clear that local seals include seals at the injection site, hyperemia on the shoulder, and a slight burning sensation. They go away if you keep the injection site warm. Systemic complications spread throughout the body, can cause complications of chronic diseases, which until then were in the stage of prolonged remission. Rarely is a skin allergy in the form of a hives-type rash.

Sometimes, especially in children, the temperature rises - this is not dangerous, on the contrary, it indicates that the immune system gives the correct reaction to the introduced biological material, it is already fighting with it. When the temperature rises, children are given Paracetamol or Ibuprofen.

Side effects in adults:

• there is a feeling of fatigue, drowsiness, a general deterioration in well-being;
• a small runny nose begins;
• headache may not last long;
• muscles may hurt a little;
• lymph nodes increase.

If an inactivated vaccine is administered, a person cannot get sick from the vaccine; if a vaccine with live viruses is administered, the disease is unlikely, even if it becomes infected, it will proceed easily.

Adverse reactions happen if a person has weakened immunity, then they are vaccinated only with an inactivated vaccine.

Contraindications for flu shots

As usual, any medications, including flu vaccines, have contraindications for their use. They are different for different types of vaccine - live or inactivated. For all contraindications, doctors made a conditional division - absolute and temporary.

The absolute contraindications to flu vaccinations are:

• chicken protein allergy; this must be clarified before vaccination, if possible, use a high-quality, purified vaccine;
• noticed an allergic reaction after the introduction of other vaccines;
• previously manifested reaction after vaccinations in the form of high fever, seizures, anaphylaxis, edema at the injection site, widespread hyperemia;
• bronchial asthma, chronic pathologies of the respiratory system;
• heart pathology;
• blood diseases, anemia;
• endocrine diseases;
• severe renal pathology.

Such complications after the administration of the vaccine are always recorded by doctors in the patient cards, and are placed on the title page.

Temporary contraindications are:

• ARI, fever, ARVI. In cases of severe colds, vaccination is carried out after a person has fully recovered, after 2-3 weeks. In the case when the cold is not complicated, the vaccine can be administered immediately, as soon as the acute symptoms of the disease pass.
• Exacerbation of chronic pathologies. Vaccination can be done only at the stage of remission, with the consultation of the attending physician.
• 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnancy. Vaccination is done only with the permission of the gynecologist.

Vaccines from different manufacturers, in addition to chicken protein, contain additional components in the form of antibiotics - Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Polymyxin; preservatives - formaldehyde, thimerosal; sodium hydrosulfite, gelatin. When a person feels bad after vaccination, this is the body's response to one of the components of the drug.

Bonus

1. Vaccinations must be done! Vaccines tested by specialists from the Ministry of Health and WHO are being introduced.
2. For health reasons and the transfer of previous vaccinations, a vaccine is chosen - with live bacteria or inactivated.
3. A doctor's consultation before vaccination is mandatory, especially for those at risk.