What to do if an adult has increased eosinophils

2024 Author: James Gerald | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 00:05

The norm of eosinophils is in the range of 1-5% in the total leukocyte formula, it is the same for men and women. Quantitative counting is allowed, then the norms fluctuate between 120-350 units of eosinophils per 1 milliliter of blood. Determine the level of eosinophils by laser flow cytometry.

Rules for taking blood to check the content of eosinophils

The state of the adrenal glands, the menstrual cycle directly affect their content in the blood. Due to these factors, eosinophils may be elevated in an adult. What it says and what needs to be done - the therapist will tell at the reception. If necessary, he refers the patient to a consultation with an endocrinologist, hematologist.

To obtain a reliable result, you need to prepare for the test:

• laboratory technicians take capillary blood in the morning, while the patient has not eaten anything;
• 2 days before the analysis, it is not recommended to eat sweets, drink alcohol;
• citrus fruits cannot be eaten in 2 days;
• stop taking medications per day;
• donate blood in a normal emotional state, without anxiety and excitement.

The rules are simple, they can be followed by all patients who need to find out the most accurate number of eosinophils.

If an adult has elevated eosinophils, what does this mean? About deviation from the norm. If there are more than 700 eosinophils in 1 ml of blood (in the analysis form this is indicated as 7 * 10 to the 9th degree of g / l), then this is considered a very high excess of normal values.

As indicated by an increase in eosinophil counts

With a persistently high content of E-cells, doctors classify this condition as eosinophilia. In ICD-10, it is hidden under the code D72.1, which includes an allergic, hereditary disease.

The following degrees of eosinophilia are distinguished:

• weak, with an increase in performance by 10%;
• average, with a jump in indicators by 10-15%;
• severe, with an increase in level of more than 15%.

A serious increase in the rate of eosinophils in an adult indicates that tissues and cells feel oxygen deficiency, organs cease to perform their functions. When the result of a blood test shows a significant excess of E-cells in an adult, a second analysis is carried out, after which a diagnosis is prescribed on an individual basis:

• general urine analysis;
• general analysis of feces;
• examination of feces for the presence of helminths;
• Ultrasound of internal organs;
• allergy test

The doctor determines the exact content of additional studies based on the patient's complaints, his suspicions of the presence of hidden diseases. ABS signs of E-cells indicate the possibility of counting them in a special way: the number of all leukocytes is multiplied by the percentage of eosinophils.

An increase in ABS eosinophils in an adult indicates the presence of allergies of various etiologies:

1. Medicinal. It should be in a conversation with the patient to find out what drugs he started to take recently, whether he has any complaints in this regard.
2. Reactive allergies, which can be caused by hay fever, hives, Quincke's edema.
3. Allergic rhinitis.
4. Skin allergies in the form of eczema, atopic dermatitis, pemphigus.
5. Infection of the body with parasites such as amoeba, chlamydia, toxoplasma.
6. Helminthic lesion of the body.
7. Allergy in systemic diseases of lupus erythematosus, arthritis, periarteritis nodosa.
8. Allergic complication of infectious diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis.
9. Allergic lung damage in asthma, pleurisy, alveolitis, histocytosis.

The concentration of E-cells increases with oncological diseases of the blood, with lesions of the digestive system, which is manifested by gastritis, colitis. The development of malignant neoplasms on the tissues of the internal organs also leads to high rates of eosinophils.

When confirming his suspicions, the therapist refers the patient to a consultation with an allergist, who, at his discretion, can prescribe an additional examination:

• to confirm an allergic rhinitis, swabs are taken from the throat and nose;
• provocative tests, spirometry are performed to confirm asthma;
• in any situation, allergens in the blood serum are determined.

If the lungs are damaged, confirmed by X-rays, the patient is prescribed a consultation with a pulmonologist. If helminthic invasion is detected, consultation of an infectious disease specialist, parasitologist will be required. Only after the most complete examination, according to its results, doctors collectively prescribe treatment for the identified disease.

Treatment of elevated eosinophils in an adult speaks of choosing a direction for healing from the underlying disease, because the E-cells themselves do not lend themselves to medical correction. Their number can be reduced only by curing the identified pathology.

During treatment, control tests are carried out to check the correct choice of medicines, the normal course of therapy. Doctors check all the received data with the norms indicated in the tables.

Table of the norm of eosinophils in adults

Human age	The rate of eosinophils	Percentage of the total number of leukocytes	Absolute indicator
	In the leukocyte formula	Up to 5%	0.02 - 0.5 * 10 ^ 9 / L
	In the rhinocytogram	Up to 7%	Not calculated
15 to 20 years old		1% to 5%	0-0, 45 - x10⁹ / liter
After 21 years		1% to 5%	0-0, 47 - x10⁹ / liter

Table of the content of eosinophils in the total leukogram in adults

Group of cells	Share,%	Absolute index, 10⁹ / l
Rod neutrophils	1‒6	0, 04‒0, 3
Segmented	48‒75	2, 0‒5, 5
Eosinophils	0, 5‒5	0, 02‒0, 3
Basophils	0‒1	0, 0‒0, 065
Lymphocytes	19‒37	1, 2‒3, 0
Monocytes	3‒11	0, 09‒0, 6

The number of eosinophils in adults fluctuates during the day due to the inconsistent level of corticosteroids, hormones synthesized by the adrenal glands. The highest index of eosinophilic leukocytes is determined at night, close to morning time, during the day, the content of E-cells in the blood decreases.

In adults, the normal rate is 500 eoses / μl. An increase in data to 5000 eoses / μL, if it is stable for 2-3 months, indicates the development of hypereosinophilic syndrome. When in an adult, basophils rise simultaneously with eosinophils, what does this mean? Only about the development of an acute allergic reaction.

Treatment of pathologies causing an increase in eosinophils

There is a hereditary predilection for an increased concentration of eosinophils. It is revealed by examining all family members. With familial eosinophilia, the indicators will be increased simultaneously in several family members, but it should be noted that this situation does not harm their health. For them, the content of eosinophils in the range of 8-9% is normal.

The norms for the concentration of E-cells in adults in hazardous industries are increasing, if they work with substances containing sulfur, or in the rubber industry. There is a high content of E-cells in drug addicts.

But the main% of diseases that cause an increase in eosinophils are health risks:

1. Diseases of autoimmune etiology. They are characterized by the following symptoms: the appearance of anemia, an increase in the size of the liver, spleen, rapid weight loss, fever, vascular inflammation, dysfunction of the heart, joint pain, general malaise.
2. Parasitic invasion: the lymph nodes increase and hurt, the liver enlarges, pains in the muscles and joints appear, a cough similar to asthmatic, hurts in the chest area, breathing becomes heavy, the pulse quickens against the background of low blood pressure, a skin rash appears.
3. Skin diseases, including allergic ones: rash, ulceration.
4. Diseases of the digestive system, manifested in constipation, nausea to vomiting, in cuts throughout the abdomen.
5. Diseases of the blood of infectious etiology, manifested by coughing, shortness of breath.
6. Helminthic invasion.

When determining the disease that caused the increase in eosinophils, the doctor prescribes targeted treatment. Its task is to cure inflammation in the internal organs, to rid a person of parasites. The presence of helminthic invasion is indicated by a simultaneous increase in eosinophils and monocytes in an adult, this tells the doctor that antiparasitic treatment is required.