How to plant grapes in spring

2024 Author: James Gerald | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 14:00

How to plant grapes in spring - step-by-step instructions with a photo especially for beginners. The material will help you deal with all the subtleties and nuances.

Where to begin

First you need to learn the main rules and strictly follow them:

1. Before buying seedlings, study the characteristics.
2. Emphasize resistance to pests and all kinds of diseases.
3. Take frost-resistant varieties.
4. Never plant grapes mixed with other plants. Since they will give a thick shadow.
5. So that nothing interferes with the processing of bushes and their shelter, frost-resistant and covering varieties should not be planted nearby.
6. With proper care, some species will delight with their flowering and good harvest for a long time.

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The choice of variety and place of disembarkation

When choosing a variety, you must be guided by the weather conditions of a particular region. The most attractive characteristics are complex-resistant varieties of hybrid grapes. These include:

• Frumoasa Albe;
• Delight;
• Ionel;
• Muromets;
• Kodryanka;
• Aleshenkin;
• Martisor and others.

Grapes are light-loving plants, therefore, it must be planted on the southern side of the backyard, away from the passage of groundwater. In a place well protected from the winds.

For example, near the wall of the main building. During the day, it warms up and at night gives the vine warmth. In case you want to expand the vineyard in the future, you need to set aside a large area for it.

The best soil for grapes is light, fertile soil (black soil). If the soil is too moist, drainage is necessary.

What to look for when choosing seedlings

In order for the plant to take root and bear fruit for many years, you need to give preference to high-quality seedlings. Pay attention to the fact that the roots are not dried out, so that among them are not damaged or rotten.

If the seedling has leaves, they should be juicy, green and free of aphids. There should be at least 4 swelling buds in the growth of the planting material. Barrel - have a resilient structure with no visible damage or dry areas.

Soil preparation

1. It begins in autumn, so that during the winter the soil rested, settled and saturated with moisture.
2. To begin with, a plantage is made - a soil pass, as a result of which the lower layer is on top, and the upper one is below.
3. At the same time, fertilizer, humus and manure are applied.
4. In heavy soil (such is black soil) to a depth of 60-80 cm, it is necessary to distribute crushed stone, expanded clay or white crushed brick.
5. Dilute the topsoil with river sand.
6. To find out the chemical composition of the soil, the pH level (its values can range from 55 to 75) and the nutrient content, you need to order an analysis. It is quite enough to hand over 1-1, 5 kg of land from the adjoining plot for examination. Based on the results of the examination, apply fertilizers and manure.

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Preparation of seedlings

A step-by-step instruction with a photo for beginners will tell you how to plant grapes in spring. Having chosen a suitable place on the site and having decided on the variety, we proceed to the next stage:

1. From below we trim the cuttings so that 1 cm remains from the first bud and 2 cm above the upper bud. Thus, we refresh the roots.
2. To further activate growth, we soak the seedlings in succinic acid (the dosage is indicated in the instructions) or an aqueous solution with a spoonful of honey during the day.
3. After the specified time has elapsed, the cuttings are thoroughly dried and treated with paraffin. To do this, in a liter container, mix 15 grams of wax, the same amount of resin and 300 grams of water and paraffin. We heat the mixture, stirring constantly, so as not to burn.
4. First, we dip the cuttings with the upper part into it (together or separately, it does not matter), then into a container of cold water. In this way, 6 cm of grape seedlings are processed.

To prevent damage to plants from direct sunlight, they need to be hardened. We take out the vegetative seedlings for 20 minutes in fresh air, gradually increasing the time by a quarter of an hour during the week.

A week before planting, we process the roots with a mixture of manure and clay, wrap it in burlap and remove.

Planting grapes in black soil

For those who are interested in how to plant grapes in spring - step by step instructions:

1. We make a depression 80 cm deep and the same width.
2. We cover the bottom with a nutrient layer (25 cm thick), consisting of 10 buckets of humus mixed with fertile soil. We tamp it thoroughly.
3. We cover with mineral and organic fertilizers (layer thickness - 10 cm), fermented manure mixed with water and earth is also suitable.
4. We line the ground with the next layer of 5 cm. After all the manipulations, the recess should be at least 50 cm.
5. We make a small embankment in the center. Insert the seedling into the middle, evenly distributing the roots. To the level of growth, we fill the grapes with black soil or clay. Here you need to pay special attention to one point: the shortened cuttings are laid vertically. Saplings over 25 cm are planted at a slight slope.
6. Having done all the steps, we spill the soil with three buckets of warm water. As soon as the top layer dries up a little, loosen it up.
7. At the next stage, we water it twice more, with a time interval of 2 weeks. Now, in addition to loosening, we mulch the ground again.

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Planting grapes in sandy soil

The main difference is that in the cold season the seedlings freeze faster in the sand, in the summer they get warmer, which is not very good for grapes. To achieve the most comfortable values when planting seedlings in sandy soil, we make a deepening per meter:

1. The clay layer of soil, laid on the bottom of the pit, must be denser and be at least 20 cm. Otherwise, there will be a loss of moisture and nutrients.
2. We cover the next 25 cm with fertilizers and nutrient mixtures.
3. We plant the seedlings to a depth of 60 cm. Then we water it abundantly once every 7 days with four buckets of water.
4. We do the same with vegetative seedlings (germinated in plastic cups). To prevent damage to the roots, carefully cut through the container.
5. We lower the grape seedling together with the earth into the prepared hole. For the correct formation and garter of the vine, we make a support. We put it in the direction where there are more kidneys.

At the initial stage, a young bush needs shade, therefore, using the available material, for example, tulle or an inverted bucket, we build a canopy. Please note that we plan to plant seedlings in mid-May, when night frosts are completely excluded.

Continuing the topic of how to plant grapes in spring, it should be noted that, according to the step-by-step instructions, we harden the plant in a week or ten days. We take it out in the daytime to fresh air, but not to the draft and the sun. We bring it back into the room at night.

In the future, the bush does not need processing. In this state, he should stand without pruning until next spring. Apart from watering, you do not need to do anything. Unless, if necessary, in case of crust formation, loosen with your hands. This must be done very carefully so as not to damage the still fragile root system.

If, as a result of prolonged rains, the soil settles, you need to add soil, thereby preventing the trunk from exposing.

Vineyard care in the first year

A protective shelter will help keep the grapes away from heavy rainfall and direct sunlight. It can be made from an unnecessary rag or pieces of slate:

1. The soil needs mandatory loosening and watering once a week (less often with heavy rains). Pour a bucket of water under each bush.
2. A mandatory procedure is timely pest control.
3. By August on the grafted seedlings, it is necessary to remove the superficial roots. An excavated hole will allow the trunk and deep roots to harden.
4. Once a season, the grapes need superphosphate feeding.
5. In the fall, you need to remove unnecessary shoots without regrets, the most powerful of them should be cut and left.
6. When the shoots grow (this happens in the summer), you need to tie them up.

If everything is done as stated in the step-by-step instructions, there will be no problems with how to plant grapes in spring. And by the next year, the formation of the grape bush will take place. Soon, a young seedling will delight with a bountiful harvest.

Summarize

1. To avoid mistakes, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of experienced gardeners.
2. A bush launched at the planting stage instead of the desired harvest will give many problems in the second and subsequent years.
3. Growing grapes is not difficult, but subject to basic rules, especially in the first month. Among them: shelter, moderate and timely watering and gentle loosening by hands.