How to treat grade 2 cervical dysplasia

2024 Author: James Gerald | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 14:00

A dangerous diagnosis for a woman of any age is 2nd degree cervical dysplasia. What is it and how to treat the disease, how dangerous it is and whether it is possible to cure it completely - in detail below.

What it is

The second degree of cervical dysplasia (DShM) is considered a precancerous transformation of the organ mucosa. Doctors consider this form of DShM as a moderate disease requiring immediate treatment.

At the first stage of the disease, all pathological processes in the cells are still reversible in 30% of cases. Doctors simply observe a woman, while the body is able to defeat the pathology on its own.

At the second stage, the process becomes irreversible. Therefore, such foci on the mucous membrane must be removed as soon as possible. When making a diagnosis, doctors explain to the patient that she has 2nd degree cervical dysplasia, they say what it is and how to treat such a dangerous disease.

Cell degeneration in 99% begins as a result of infection with papillomavirus of high oncogenic risk of 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 66 serotypes. The degeneration of healthy cells of the cervical epithelium is caused by the virus DNA embedded in their structure.

The disease is considered moderate in severity. If it is not treated in a timely manner, it goes from the first degree to the second in one or two years, and after the same time to the third - the most severe.

In classical textbooks on gynecology, they write that the degeneration of dysplasia into cancer occurs at the third, most severe stage in an average of five years.

The latest clinical observations of oncologists indicate that today this type of pathology progresses much faster, moving from one stage to another. According to doctors, the disease should be treated already at the first stage with the help of surgical, rather than medication, methods.

How to treat cervical dysplasia of the 2nd degree - only a gynecological oncologist can say. Therefore, women who have been tested for HPV (human papillomavirus) must be consulted by a specialist in genital cancer.

Doctors point out that the human papillomavirus today is very aggressive, and second-degree dysplasia in a year or two can degenerate into a malignant tumor. The diagnosis of "grade 2 dysplasia" indicates that the disease is in an actively expressed process of development, so the woman needs urgent treatment.

Symptoms

The danger of the disease is that it has no symptoms in the early stages. The only exception is dysplasia, which develops against the background of a bacterial infection. In such cases, symptoms appear in the form of:

• burning sensation;
• foul-smelling discharge, in which blood clots may be present;
• pain during sexual intercourse, localized in the lower abdomen and in the lower back.

In most other cases, the disease is latent. In 10-15% of women, dysplasia cannot be detected for a long time by visual examination, when the epithelial cells of the cervix have already begun to degenerate.

How is dysplasia diagnosed?

To detect a disease, it is necessary to do special tests:

• smear cytology;
• colposcopy - examination of the cervix under a microscope;
• biopsy;
• fluorescence diagnostics.

If the test results confirm second-degree dysplasia, you should immediately undergo a course of treatment under the supervision of a gynecologist.

How to treat grade 2 cervical dysplasia

Modern medical technologies offer effective treatment methods that allow eliminating pathology in one procedure and without surgery.

At an early stage of the disease, women are prescribed strong immunomodulators and the condition of the cells is monitored. Patients diagnosed with stages 1-2 of dysplasia should visit a gynecologist-oncologist at least once a year.

Modern medicine considers drug therapy and surgical intervention to be ineffective methods, since 2 degree cervical dysplasia can be treated in one visit to the doctor.

At the same time, he conducts a minimally invasive procedure - photodynamic therapy, which gives 95% complete recovery and stops the dangerous degeneration of healthy cells. The technique is based on the effect of a laser beam on the affected cells.

Treatment is carried out in this way:

1. A couple of hours before the photodynamic therapy session, photosensitizers are injected intravenously.
2. The affected areas are irradiated with special light guides.
3. The photosensitizer, under the influence of a laser, reacts with oxygen, releasing its active form, and together with it kills HPV cells.
4. The mucous membrane is restored completely after such a procedure in 6-7 weeks.

Prophylaxis

For prevention purposes, it is necessary to regularly conduct tests for HPV, and if it is detected, it is imperative to visit a gynecologist-oncologist. There is no effective treatment for the human papillomavirus today. Doctors recommend not to have a promiscuous sex life, take care of your immunity, and avoid hypothermia.

Women should carefully choose their sexual partners, using protected sex if necessary. Carrying out photodynamic therapy eliminates the degeneration of infected cells into cancerous ones, but does not insure against re-infection of aggressive HPV species. Only with a permanent partner can you be protected from such a dangerous infection.

Pregnancy with grade 2 dysplasia

A pregnant woman diagnosed with second-degree dysplasia should be seen by a gynecological oncologist. Treatment will be prescribed for her after childbirth. In most cases, this pathology does not affect the development of the fetus.

If necessary, the oncogynecologist will be able not only to determine how to treat grade 2 cervical dysplasia, but also in some cases will recommend the optimal type of delivery - Caesarean section.

If such a pathology is detected at the beginning of pregnancy, a woman must necessarily visit a gynecological oncologist as early as possible in order to report that she is in a position. Pregnant women do not receive photodynamic therapy. It is prescribed only after childbirth.

Summarize

Women who have been diagnosed with second-degree dysplasia should not panic or, conversely, not pay attention to such a diagnosis. You need to know the following about this pathology:

1. Modern medicine offers an effective minimally invasive therapy method that allows you to get rid of a dangerous ailment in one visit to a specialist. The procedure is painless and has no side effects.
2. During pregnancy, this pathology is not treated, since it does not affect the development of the child. PDT is performed only after childbirth.
3. The presence of HPV does not mean the automatic development of cervical dysplasia, but does not cancel the regular testing, which allows doctors to monitor the state of the epithelial cells of the cervix.
4. It is not necessary to perform an operation for early-stage dysplasia. If the immunity does not kill the virus in the epithelial cells, then the disturbances in the structure of the mucous membrane of the cervix will be removed with a laser.